(Seth was often identified with the Semitic god Baal.) I believe that knowing about cultures and beliefs of biblical times deepens our understanding of the Scriptures. Egyptians worshiped the Semitic gods Baal, Hauron and Reshep and the goddesses Anat, Astarte, Baalat and Qadesh. Since there were so many Semites in Egypt, not only did these Semites worship the gods of Egypt (as the Bible says the Hebrews did) the Egyptians worshiped the gods of the Semites. I believe the Hebrews were among this population of Semites in Egypt. Archeologists have discovered a significant amount of evidence that proves that there was a large minority of Semitic people who lived in ancient Egypt. In many places in the Bible it is stated that God (Yahweh or "Jehovah") first revealed himself to Israel when they were slaves in Egypt (1 Samuel 2:27, Ezekiel 20:5, Hosea 11:1, 12:9, 13:4). God first revealed himself to the Israelites in Egypt through Moses (Exodus 4:30-31). They had no knowledge of the name of God (Exodus 3:13-14, 6:2-3). They were worshiping idols and Egyptian gods.Īccording to the Bible, while the Hebrews were slaves in Egypt, they worshiped the gods of Egypt (Joshua 24:14, Ezekiel 20:7-8). They were not worshiping to God of Abraham in Egypt. So, we have evidence for the Hebrews living in Egypt staring at us-but we don't see it because we have false ideas about the Hebrews in Egypt. We know that certain Semites rose to high positions the way that Joseph did. I mentioned that there is an abundance of evidence that Semitic people settled in Egypt. We discussed the historical evidence for the Hebrews living in Egypt. Other scholars have suggested that the Hebrews moved in two phases out of Kadesh Barnea and that the two phases took two different routes. It was also mentioned that some have theorized that there was more than one Exodus. They were slaves in Egypt and unused to surviving in the desert-and this was a source of their moanings, groaning and complaining.
It was noted that they were tough nomadic people-but they were not. We briefly discussed the unlikelihood of the Israelites crossing the entire Sinai peninsula in one week. The Bible says nothing about Israelites living under Egyptian occupation in the Holy Land. Egypt occupied Canaan until after the period of Merenptah, the son of Ramessis.Reasons why Ramesses is believed by most historians to be the pharaoh of the Exodus. The Bible says the Pharaoh had the Hebrews build the city of Pi-Rameses. (This is a historically documented exodus of Semites from Egypt.)Īmenhotep III (based on some chronological indicators in the Bible.) Kamoses, the Pharaoh who expulsed the Hysksos from Egypt. Let us pause here to review some of the topics covered in the previous lecture:
(Most scholars believe it was Ramesis II.) It was most likely Amenhotep II or Ramesis II. Some things are open to debate, such as who was the Pharaoh of the Exodus. Sometimes archeology doesn't do what people want it to do. We need to back up our research with solid evidence. Philosophy is interesting, relevant and important-but philosophers make it so dry and technical that no one is interested.) Sometimes the academic community makes its finding inaccessible to the general public by using too much technical jargon and by writing above the general reading level. Scholarship: our research needs to be taken seriously by the Academic community. We want to understand the ancient better and put ourselves in their position-so that we can follow in their steps. Our goal is to understand the Bible better to advance and not to impede knowledge.
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